The United Nations General Assembly declared 11 February as the International Day of Women and Girls in Science to help achieve equal access and participation in science for women and girls, and further achieve gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. A significant gender gap has persisted throughout the years at all levels of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines all over the world. Even though women have made tremendous progress towards increasing their participation in higher education, they are still under-represented in these fields.

The number of women working, studying and researching in science fields needs to increase significantly over the next few years, as they have a huge role in pushing science forward. We need more girls and women in science and we can support this by encouraging young girls to choose careers in science and showing them female role models who made significant contributions to the world of science.

Let’s take a look at some women role models in science.

Marie Curie: Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for their study into spontaneous radiation.

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Leaning towards novelty

It is unlikely that engineers would ever feel proud to see their skyscraper lean. Not every building is the lucky Leaning Tower of Pisa, right? However, the team that constructed Capital Gate — a 35-storey skyscraper in Abu Dhabi — assures everyone that they loved making the massive building lean on purpose. No worries, though. With its complex lattice arrangement and strong foundation, the building is super-safe even though it leans 18 degrees (14 more than Leaning Tower of Pisa).

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The minimum eligibility for a Masters in Psychology is an Honours undergraduate degree in Psychology or Psychology as a subject in graduation. However, there are some institutes that may require the candidates to have a Bachelor’s degree in any discipline. So, you may go for psychology studies even after completion of your engineering degree.

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Eligibility wise, it is not necessary to take computer science in 10+2 in order to do software (computer) engineering. But a course in computer engineering does require study of computer science. If you are not able to handle it now, how will you be able to study that for next four years? Just think…

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Are you creative and imaginative with a special interest in design? Then architecture may be best suited to you. It includes courses on design and aesthetic theory, engineering and technology, arts and grafts. Eligibility is 10+2 with physics, chemistry and mathematics and duration is five years. Admission is through competitive examinations.

Student work is often in the form of drawings and renderings, either through computer-aided design or drafting by hand. They also build physical models and create presentation boards for drawings and graphics.

The work of an architect is varied, challenging and brings alive the creativity in oneself. They not only design a building, but also look at other aspects like how it will be used, what it will cost and how it will be built.

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Ceramics have applications in virtually any industry which demands the use of heat-resistant materials. The multibillion-dollar ceramic industry converts processed materials and raw materials taken directly from the earth (clay, sand, etc.) into useful products such as spark plugs, glass, electronic components, nuclear materials, abrasives, rocket components, and even tableware. High-temperature processing is the key to these conversions.

What’s this career about?

Ceramic engineers work with inorganic, non-metallic materials to develop materials that support products and systems that impact all our lives. They may create materials that repair human bone with bio-glasses, treat cancer, power the internet via fibre-optic cables, and provide environmentally friendly coatings for the aerospace industry. They may also develop exterior tiles for the next Space Station, cathodes for fuel cells, conductive ceramics used in microprocessors and solar panels, flexible prosthetics for Paralympic athletes, or lenses in night-vision goggles for pilots.

Using basic principles from chemistry and physics, ceramic engineers first understand how to design new materials at the atomic level, then process these materials into useful forms. They deal with the study of the properties, manufacture, design and applications of ceramic materials. They are mainly involved in research and development, quality check and quality control.

Research work involves the study and application of chemical and thermal interactions of oxides which make ceramics. These engineers create procedures for processing non-metallic inorganic materials into a variety of ceramic products. They may also assist in developing materials that support aircraft engines functioning at high temperatures. They may also discover innovative uses of ceramics to strengthen infrastructure by building highways and bridges.

Those in production are involved in the production of advanced heat tiles for various purposes. Mostly this includes application of heat or withdrawal of heat and precipitation reaction from high purity solution. They may have to spend more time at production or construction sites, and work overtime or in rotating shifts. Engineers may have extensive responsibilities such as preparing labour cost analyses or troubleshooting problems.

PLUS!

• How do I get there?
• Key skills
• Institutes offering Ceramic Engineering
• Employment prospects and pay packages

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Engineering courses require mainly maths and science skills. But for becoming an architect, aptitude is important. This job requires not only a creative mind (it takes more than just drawing pictures), but also good communication skills as you will interact with many clients. The initial earnings of an architect are not very high, because this is a field where a student has to learn a lot even after finishing the course. They may start with a salary of Rs 40,000-50,000 a month. But after gaining experience of few years, architects with the right aptitude can earn quite a high income.

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Automobile engineers find employment in companies manufacturing automobiles and in maintenance and service stations. Opportunities also exist in the defence sector. With the expansion of automobile industries and increasing demand for vehicles, the demand for automobile engineering is growing. Many foreign automobile giants have also set up units in India. Salaries are at par with engineers having other specializations. However, these vary with the organization one joins, and the qualifications of the employee.

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If you are fervent about the environment and your surroundings and have a scientific aptitude, then this is certainly the field to choose. A career in environmental engineering can be challenging as you are expected to come up with revolutionary solutions for various environmental issues.

What’s this career about?

Environmental engineers are responsible for the conservation of the environment and reversal of damage already caused to it. They conduct hazardous-waste management studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advice on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps.

They are also in charge of conducting research on proposed projects for the benefit of the environment, analyzing scientific data, and performing quality control checks. Before the construction of any industrial unit, hotel, airport, dams, etc., these engineers study their impact on the environment and suggest necessary changes in the plans. They make sure that a particular manufacturing activity meets standards set by the central and state pollution control boards, ISO standards and environmental laws.

They also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems as well as being concerned with local and worldwide environmental issues such as the effects of acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from automobile exhausts and industrial sources.

Various state governments, mineral extracting companies and NGOs are looking to hire more environmental engineers so that public health problems can be solved. A large number of environmental engineers are employed as consultants so that their clients can be helped to comply with environmental regulations and to clean up hazardous sites after their manufacturing and production activities.

How do I get there?

Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment, i.e., air, water, and land resources for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.

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Right from footwear to belts, luggage to jackets, upholstery to musical instruments, garment tags to purses, leather has surpassed the traditional forms of just footwear and bags. These changing trends have boosted job opportunities for leather technologists.

The work

Leather Technology is a branch of engineering that deals with the synthesis, production and refining of leather so that it can be put to efficient use. It also deals with the synthesis of artificial leather and its use to make commercial goods. It is comparatively a new branch which is gaining importance in the industrial sector.

In a leather manufacturing unit, there is processing of skin and hide so that leather can be given a shape, treatment of skin, assessment of the thickness, softness, texture, colour, etc.

A leather technologist studies the use of various chemicals in the processing of leather and supervises the processing as per specifications. Ensuring the water resistance capacity before the leather is processed completely is another key part of being a leather technologist. They also ensure that proper research and quality control is in place when testing and analysis is done in the lab and for that chemical, dye stuffs and small scale apparatus are used.
Those in the marketing department should have some knowledge of production or quality management in leather accessories so that they can be the most suitable person to deal with potential customers or clients.

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