Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur, Karnataka, is known as the Taj Mahal of South India. One of the biggest free-standing domes and one of the largest single-chamber structures in the world, Gol Gumbaz was built as a mausoleum for Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah of the Adil Shahi dynasty in the mid-17th century. The structure features a cube (measuring 47 metres on each side) topped by a dome with a diameter of 44 metres supported by interlocking arches without any columns. A “whispering gallery” rings the interior of the dome, where the faintest sound is amplified, echoing back several times. Its single chamber covers 1,700 sq metres and sits atop the basement tombs of the sultan, his two wives, his mistress, his daughter and his grandson. Each corner of the tomb is guarded by a seven-storey-tall minaret.

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Yakshagana is the traditional theatre art form of Karnataka, particularly prevalent and developed in south and north Karnataka, Udupi, Shimoga and western parts of Chikmagalur district in Karnataka. A group of performing artists is known as a Mela or a Mandali. Through the medium of music, songs with lyrics, drama, dance and dialogue in Kannada, varied stories from Hindu mythology, sacred texts like the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagwatham, stories are enacted and recreated by performers to entertain and enlighten the audience, pertaining to the significance of the presentation, maintaining the cultural and social relevance of the play. It is amazing to note that with 12,000 performances around the year, Karnataka generates a turnover of 6 crores!

Evolution and significance

The earliest prasanga (play) dates back to the 15th century. Ever since, Yakshagana, also known as music of the Gandharvas, has gone through varied stages of development and change in order to suit the changing trends of society. Nevertheless the basic structure of the story-telling has not changed. Originally the performance used to last the whole night but due to time constraints, it has been reduced to two to three hours. There are about 30 professional troupes in Karnataka and about 200 amateur groups that perform around the year, particularly from November to May. During festive occasions, a Yakshagana performance is a must. The performers are essentially males and female roles are also enacted by men.

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